Introduction
Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman’s menstrual cycles and reproductive years. It is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The average age of menopause is 51 but it can occur in a woman’s 40s or 50s. [1] This transition results from a decline in ovarian function and reduced production of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Common symptoms include hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Menopause is a natural part of aging. [2] It’s important to note that menopause is a normal part of aging and not a medical illness. However, if symptoms become bothersome, various treatments and lifestyle adjustments can help manage them effectively.
From one society to another, the perception of the menopause is different and can be influenced by cultural, social and historical factors. The menopause can be perceived in negative terms, as it is linked to ageing, loss of femininity or even diminished beauty. For women, it can be a difficult stage to go through, and society can accentuate the pressure to “look young” and the menopause is perceived as an obstacle to these ideals. In modern society, the menopause is very often medicalized and perceived as requiring treatment.
Women use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other interventions to manage the onset of symptoms. The use of medicine to manage the menopause can reinforce the idea that it is a health problem rather than a natural life transition. Perceptions of the menopause are gradually changing, and it is possible to have greater awareness and more open discussions on the subject. More and more women see the menopause as a normal stage in their lives. Perceptions of the menopause vary, but there is a growing movement towards a positive view.
In Nepal, the menopause is influenced by cultural, social and educational factors. A study carried out by the municipality of Mechinagar reveals that most women have a positive perception of the menopause. However, 22.2% of them have a negative perception. This rate demonstrates a need in menopause awareness. The menopause is perceived positively, but disparities persist depending on ethnic group and level of awareness [3]
The menopause can also be a taboo subject. Some women may feel ashamed or embarrassed to talk about this transition. This stigma is exacerbated by a culture where discussions about reproductive activities and private parts are often avoided. This limits access to information and support and encourages taboos. Targeted education and appropriate support services are therefore essential to improve women’s quality of life during this transitional period.
During the workshops organized in the women’s communities, we noted a real interest in the subject. Many were unaware that the symptoms they experience daily are linked to this transition, which testifies to the lack of information and the taboo that persists, particularly in these communities. These meetings provided an open and inclusive forum for participants to share their experiences, symptoms and difficulties. These discussions helped to lift the veil on the menopause and raise women’s awareness of its impact.
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References:
[1]https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397
[2] https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause
[3]https://elibrary.nhrc.gov.np/bitstream/20.500.14356/1016/1/3891-Manuscript-27875-1-10-20220606.pdf
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